The Morality of the U.S. Bombing Hiroshima - 1348 Words

The Morality of the U.S. Bombing Hiroshima On August 6 and 9, 1945, the only atomic bombs ever used in warfare were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The mass destruction and numerous deaths caused by those bombs ultimately put an end to World War II. Was this the only way to end the war, however? Could this killing of innocent Japanese citizens had been avoided and the war still ended quickly. This paper will go into this controversial topic. First, a summary of the events leading up to the bombing and the events that followed: With the end of the European war, the Allies focused their efforts on Japan. Though they were losing miserably, the Japanese continued to fight†¦show more content†¦The report was done by Col. Stafford Warren, Chief of the Manhattan Projects Medical Section. It showed that the potential for radioactive fallout from the test was an important concern. Fallout from the test exposed a family living 20 miles from Ground Zero to dangerous 4 levels of radiation. The radiation monitors were so concerned they asked permission to talk to the family to see how they feel (Schull 70). Dead jackrabbits were found more than 800 yards from zero. A farm house three miles away had doors torn loose and suffered other extensive damage. The light intensity was sufficient at nine miles to have caused temporary blindness. Several observers at 20 miles were bothered by a large blind spot for 15 minutes after the blast. It was determined that exposure to this light from 5 miles away would cause severe damage to the eyes. Thus causing damage sufficient to put the enemy out of action for several days if not permanently. This is if they survived, of course (Schull 77.) The next day Leo Szilard and 69 co-signers at the Manhattan Project Metallurgical Laboratory petitioned President Truman to not use the atomic bomb on Japan. This version of the petition is updated from the first one and comes at an appropriate time following the test on the dayShow MoreRelatedThe Destruction Of The War Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesOn August 6th 1945, a U.S aircraft titled ‘Enola Gay’ flew over Hiroshima to drop the most infamous atomic bomb in history. This bomb instantly vaporized everyone within a 1KM radius of the drop point, leaving the rest to die slowly from lethal burns or poisoning. Then three days later, another devastating bomb was dropped on the city of Nagasaki. While there were no American deaths as a result, 200,000 Japanese citizens, mostly children, elders and women perished as a result of these attacks.Read MoreThe Cold War By Kenneth Rose s One Nation Underground1320 Words   |  6 Pagesnuclear bombings. The Cold War, in conjunction with the inventions of (total destructive) bombs, generated new dangers, fears, and morality issues among Americans, which led to further increased fears. At the beginning of the Cold War, many people considered it unimaginable that the Soviet Union could possess an Atomic bomb. However, in 1949 America found out that the impossible was, in fact, not so unimaginable. To end World War II, Truman called for the use of atomic bombings of Hiroshima and NagasakiRead MoreThe Utilisation Of Nuclear Weapons On The Japanese Cities Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1580 Words   |  7 PagesThe utilisation of nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki is a hotly debated topic amongst historians. With the consent of the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA) as outlined in the Quebec agreement, the United States of America dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, during the final stage of World War II. These two bombings, which killed at least 129,000 men, women and children are considered a triumphRead MoreThe Justifications Of The Atomic Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1616 Words   |  7 PagesThe justifications of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki have been continuously debated since the time of occurrence. The variety of approaches towards the topic often times lead to ambiguous conclusions that leave debaters dumbfounded. Primarily, there are two moral reasonings that analysts of the event utilize: the utilitarian approach and ethical tradition. The utilitarian approach determines the goodness or evil of an action by its consequences (Holt). It has been said that this approachRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Is It Really Justified?1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe Atomic Bomb, was it really justified? On August 6, 1945, after forty-four months of increasingly brutal fighting in the Pacific, an American B-29 bomber loaded with a devastating new weapon flew in the sky over Hiroshima, Japan waiting for a signal. Minutes later the signal was given, that new weapon, the atomic bomb, was released. Its enormous destructive energy detonated in the sky, killing one hundred thousand Japanese civilians instantly. Three days later, on August 9, 1945, the UnitedRead MoreThe Atomic Bombs in Japan1373 Words   |  6 Pageson the Japanese city of Hiroshima without any precedent. The explosion viciously destroyed four square miles of the city and killed 90,000 and injured 40,000. (Weber, â€Å"Was Hiroshima Necessary?†) Three days later, a second atomic bomb stroked the city of Nagasaki which killed approximately 37,000 people and injured 43,000 (Weber, â€Å"Was Hiroshima Necessary?†). These actions of the United States still remain controversial today and the United Statesâ₠¬â„¢ abuse of power and morality can be questioned. ‘WereRead MoreIn 1945 Germany Surrendered, Leaving Only The Japanese1430 Words   |  6 Pagesbomb on Hiroshima, and three days later, on August 9th, they dropped the second atomic bomb on Nagasaki. The world was in shock. No one had ever seen a weapon with this destructive force, and its use was not called into question until a year later when the public received the first accounts of the damage the bomb had caused. Since then, there has been an ongoing debate as to the necessity and morality of the use of such a destructive weapon. The droppings of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and NagasakiRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Essays1209 Words   |  5 Pages6th, 1945, 70,0000 lives were ended in a matter of seconds. The United States had dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima. Today many argue whether or not the U.S. should have taken such a drastic measure. Was it entirely necessary that we drop such a devastating weapon ? To answer that first we must look at was going on in the world at the time of the conflict. The U.S. had been fighting a massive war since 1941. Moral was most likely low, and resources were at the same level as moral. StillRead MoreHiroshima and Nagasaki: A Justified End to an Endless War700 Words   |  3 PagesHiroshima and Nagasaki: A Justified End to an Endless War On December 7th, 1941 the United States was attacked at Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan. This unprovoked assault on our nation’s soil forced Congress to take action with a formal declaration of war on Japan. With the country’s entry into World War II, a secret venture was implemented by the government. The clandestine project would employ some of the greatest scientific minds in history, including renowned physicists Robert OppenheimerRead MoreEffects Of The Atomic Bomb On Hiroshima Japan1038 Words   |  5 PagesSawyere Lamontagne December 2nd, 2015 Prof. Richmond Engwr 300 Girls of Atomic City August 6th, 1945 a bomb was dropped on Hiroshima Japan, forever changing the game of war and the lives of all two and a third billion(Alpha Wolfram). The atomic bomb was a new invention in like the world has never seen. This bomb nicknamed Little Boy alone killed or injured over a hundred and fifty thousand people. This followed by another bomb, Fat Man, being dropped on nagasaki, killed or injured another

The Impact of Rural Banking on Development Free Essays

THE CIVIL AND THE PUBLIC SERVICE DIFFERENCIES A public Servant is someone who does something that is in the best interest of the people. It can fit many different roles but is often used by politicians to describe them. A Civil Servant is someone whose job is to do government work, usually a bureaucratic. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Rural Banking on Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now A civil servant or public servant is a civilian career public sector employee working for a government department or agency. The term explicitly excludes the armed services, although civilian officials will work at â€Å"Defence Ministry† headquarters. The term always includes the (sovereign) state’s employees whether regional, or sub-state, or even municipal employees are called â€Å"civil servants† varies from country to country. In the United Kingdom, for instance, only Crown employees are civil servants, county or city employees are not. Many consider the study of civil service to be a part of the field of public administration. Workers in â€Å"non-departmental public bodies† (sometimes called â€Å"Quangos†) may also be classed as civil servants for the purpose of statistics and possibly for their terms and conditions. Collectively a state’s civil servants form its Civil Service’ or Public Service. Two concepts of public servants and civil servants are very confusing in any study of public administration as both are very similar to each other. Not understanding the two concepts clearly is the reason why some students make the mistake of treating them as interchangeable, which is wrong as despite similarities, there are vital differences that need to be highlighted. One thing common to both a civil servant and a public servant is the fact that they are both officials in government departments, and though they are termed servants, they are actually bred and brought up to feel superior to common people. Both have an umbrella of security in the sense that their jobs are guaranteed, even if they are average or poor performers, and this sense of security makes them arrogant in their behavior towards common people. Technically speaking, a civil servant is as much a public servant as a bank officer, though the major difference pertains to the level of control each has in his hands. A civil servant is always a part of the administration, and is thus, a rung above other public servants. Even, a nurse working in a government hospital qualifies to be a public servant, though she cannot be compared to a district magistrate (DM) who belongs to the category of civil servants. There are huge differences in not just pay scales and salaries; there are different sets of rules and regulations in hiring and promotion for both civil servants as well as public servants. Civil servants are selected through Union Public Service Commission at the union level, whereas every state has its own Public Service Commission to select civil servants and press into service at state level. Those selected through UPSC can get postings in public departments all over India, and this gets decided at the start with the cadre they get. What is the difference between Civil Servant and Public Servant? †¢ Civil servants are a type of public servants. †¢ Both are labeled as servants, though they are administrators and officers performing various duties. †¢ There is a great difference in rules and regulations governing their hiring and promotion. †¢ Civil servants are a rung above other public servants. How to cite The Impact of Rural Banking on Development, Papers

On Operations Management of Uniqlo-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Profile an Organization of your choice and explain how the Concepts of Operations management apply to them. Answer: Introduction Uniqlo is a clothing brand which originated in Japan in 1949 as a textile manufacturer. It is an international brand with presence in 1000 and above stores in the world. With an aspiring objective of keeping up 5 trillion yen in deals by 2020, Uniqlo will be one of the 21st century's best associations to observe. The company has planned to develop itself as the principal outline retailer in the United States, with new stores opening throughout the country with the quick pace in recent coming years. Uniqlo has its own standing in the market which is recognized as a reliable brand. A continuous awareness of changes in trend, diverse variety and testing of traditions is benchmark achieved by Uniqlo. The focus of the report is on operations management of Uniqlo. 4 V analyses is undertaken to know the various dimensions of a brand. Thereafter 5 key operational objectives are discussed in order to describe its current structure of operational management. Uniqlo key issue like inventory and quality is discussed in detail. In last the recommendation to Uniqlo operations management team is analysed. 4 V's analysis of Uniqlo organization: The Four V's in the business operations of Uniqlo is described as follows: Volume dimension: The volume dimension of Uniqlo operations is the key factor to analyse how their business activities are organized. A good example of Uniqlo brand as they interact with their customers, know the daily promotions, faster transaction facility at the time of registration, clothes must be folded quickly[1]. The essential important thing to be considered in volume dimension is the repetition of the same process due to a similarity in process. Efficient staff and effectiveness in routine procedure add an important mark in volume. Economies of scale are achieved at certain price level and also the experience of doing the thing over and over increases the competitive advantage to the firm. Variety Dimension: Uniqlo offered a variety of items available with the selection of width and variety[2]. The brand made its products according to the demands and requirements of the customer. Uniqlo offers an efficient service with a wide variety and flexibility is which help in increasing the customer base. Recent examples of variety are the availability of 80 colors in polo t shirt available all time in stores of Uniqlo, Uniqlo premium jeans made up of selvage denim (unique cloth imported from the mill of Hiroshima) and many more practices shows their variety in products. Variation Dimension: The variation dimension of Uniqlo identifies styles within the product categories which do not have the tendency of going out of fashion and finding out ways to create levels of differentiation in these styles[3]. If Uniqlo has a high variation in demand than greater flexibility will be required by the company to achieve the required capacity level and fulfilling demands. The target will not only be on improving capacity levels but also changing capacity according to fluctuating demand level without incurring an extensive cost. More variation leads to low volumes in stores, incurring a high unit cost. Visibility Dimension: The visibility dimension refers to the consumer ability to watch, track their experience or request through the operations procedure. A superior visibility measurement helps Uniqlo to find out the bundle of customers or retail location where the customer's purchases product over the counter[4]. Uniqlo has made it convenient for all the clients through full-scale execution of web based sales. Operational performance objective Quality: Quality of a brand is more important than a specification. This objective defines how well a product in market performs according to its specification. The appealing features of a product, its reliability, durability and so on is also considered important while evaluating quality objective[5].The quality objective emphasis on the product desirability in the market amongst customers. This objective helps the company to standardize the quality of a product which is acceptable to customers. Speed: It defines the rate at which Uniqlo is generating sales and how often a product is delivered. Speed reflects how fast a firm gives responses to its customer requirement. Speed also refers to issues in the time required by Uniqlo to manufacture a product and develop a new product. Shifting by Uniqlo to digital marketing enables the company to speed up business cycle, and reduce production issues. This enables Uniqlo to deliver exact product desired by the customer and in expected delivery time. Speed is important internally as well in reducing inventory and risks. In addition, the speed with which item can be made and delivered to business sectors is directly connected with the speed with which items can produce money flow Dependability: It is a quality aspect describing reliability, certainty feeling, consistency related to products and production process. Dependability also leads to developing goodwill of a company. It adds important value in Uniqlo and has a direct effect on cash flow and profitability as well[6]. Dependability has two effects- internal and external. Internal has effects cost factor of Uniqlo and external effect is related to customer satisfaction with the brand. Dependability is easily measurable, unlike quality. It increases delivery speed of a company like Uniqlo Flexibility: Volume, variety, process and service/product are four dimensions in flexibility operation management. It is very crucial objective affecting various dimensions of business. Flexibility speeds up response time to customer and production department. It also saves the time of Uniqlo by helping in speeding in response time[7]. Uniqlo provides flexibility in the product by making available new and modified product each time. . Flexibility is also the ability to produce various products and services altogether without incurring a huge additional cost. Cost: It is one of the major operation objectives especially for companies where competition is cut throat. The above objective is achieved by cost advantage in the production process by cutting the operation cost of the product in order to keep competitive price while receiving the return on investment as well. If cost is managed properly then high quality, dependability, flexibility, and speed can not only bring external reward but also improve operation cost. Key issues in operations management: Quality management: Various customers will have distinctive demands, so a working meaning of quality is a customer choice. While considering quality layout, production and company itself must be given importance. In combinations of all measures, it starts with an evaluation of what the customers require, then making an elucidation of this information into distinguishing conclusions in which products of organizations should adjust[8]. Some of the outputs may be lower quality, loss in business, commitment, decreased benefit and increased costs. Regardless, extraordinary quality has particular expenses, like neutralizing activity, evaluation, and disillusionment. The most effective way to deal with issues related to defects is to settle them in one time when they arise. This will surely decrease the cost of good quality as time moves. Inability to meet quality issue is harming Uniqlo image, reputation or leads to negative feedback. In the manufacturing field, the nature of crude materia ls or equipment is influencing the entire assembling process[9]. Uniqlo is not removing is defects and loopholes on time, due to this incurring other potential expenses. The quality issue is incurring some as Uniqlo outsources its generation to accomplice production lines, quality control is difficult and a critical factor. Quality provided by Uniqlo is good but is not meeting the customers' expectations, as the price is very high. Uniqlo has the corporate social responsibility towards its society which it needs to adhere in order to grow and survive smoothly. As Uniqlo is not maintaining its quality of products it is facing extreme criticism in the market. Customer satisfaction must be a prior goal for Uniqlo to retain its customer market and to attain a competitive advantage over its competitors. Uniqlo business will decrease if the unsatisfied customer will do negative publicity regarding its product and services. Generally, a longer dissatisfied customer switches the brand and w ill not recommend other to use. The other dimensions of the product include performance, special quality, durability, reliability and so on. If in Uniqlo brand clothing defects are found in items sold by the Group, for example, using of dangerous materials or poisons, sub-standard cloth and many more, then it may require worldwide item recalls, or remuneration for mischief to the health of consumers, which may negatively affect income, and also harming customers' trust[10]. Uniqlo, high-quality clothing brand products are available at reasonable price and affordable. Customers' complaint regarding quality of the brand is conveyed to the concerned department and desired the course of action is taken. But the durability of the product according to the customer is as not per the desired requirement. Zara is the main competitor of Uniqlo so to compete in the market quality of clothes should be reconsidered. Inventory management: Nowadays companies have moved to demand driven rather than plant level production. The demand is driven focus increases cost for Uniqlo production process, as trend changes every day and fulfilling all demand at low cost is impossible[11]. Due to change in fashion, the inventory management has become a key issue of concern for operations management team. A failure to deliver an item of operations may harm the image for the brand in customer mind. For Uniqlo inventory management issue is significant as it delivers products worldwide and the slowdown in operation process will lead to decrease popularity amongst people. Change in technology and demand also increases cost as the additional cost will be incurred by Uniqlo to fulfill recent demand. As for delaying delivery Uniqlo either will request manufacturing item at higher cost or delay production which will reduce revenue. Incompetent Labour and Staff: Inventory operations management is a procedure for arranging output operation. Each assignment and activity is needed to be done by the Uniqlo staffs which affect the stock and additionally the transportation lead period and other aspects. In this way, the information what one ought and effect of staff activities on the shop are affected by Uniqlo [12]. The effect of this activity of Uniqlo will have on the framework and physical stock ought to be clear to the agent. It is observed that procurement department operations are continuously evaluated by an auditor. In case of Uniqlo absence of head during these operations lead to the unsatisfied response from the customer. As the staff and employees are insufficient to respond to customer inquiries, Uniqlo is losing its valuable customer to competitors. Inadequate training: When an inventory management is handed over to another party on a contract basis then both customers, principal, and other party starts initial processes and document them in the Standard Operating procedure. When business in future changes existing, SOP adopted becomes out-dated[13]. Then new parties by Uniqlo are searched and are required to learn without giving any SOP training. With this procedure they generally have less knowledge than require, so more prone to issue in inventory management. Measures for improvement in operating performance: Business Process Reengineering: It involves basic redesigning of main business processes to attain improvements in productivity and quality of the product. For BPR implementation uniqlo should enhance its quality. They should adopt a typical value system that gives more importance on customer requirements[14]. Uniqlo for adopting BPR should reduce organization inside layers and redesign structure for wasteful activity. They can reduce their manufacturing cost in order to provide good quality in lesser cost. Their qulity can be enhanced by using high quality raw material and improved technology. Six Sigma approach: Uniqlo for successfully implementing this approach should empower its inventory management to reduce the harm caused due to inventory management. It helps in achieving targets with increase in quality and without increase in cost. Employee's problem-solving skills are enhanced as by they can independently alleviate problems related to inventory. Uniqlo can use six sigma approaches to increase the quality of its products by applying efficient leadership and reducing waste. By this they can reduce the customer complaints by significant amount. Customer main complaints are due to defective quality of product and if Uniqlo improves this it will be beneficial both for organisation and Uniqlo adopting six sigma approach will help in reducing waste, improved inventory management, and higher quality of products. Investing in six sigma approaches proves beneficial both for organization and employees in terms of quality and inventory management. Total quality management: TQM is basically concerned about continuous changes in work, from strategic planning to elaborate execution of target. Uniqlo can adopt this practice to continuously increase output in every part of work as it on regular basis to enhance capacities of machines, individual, inventory, and quality. The five important territories for Uniqlo to improve are ability change request era, supply era, innovation, operations and individual's capacity[15]. Uniqlo can adopt this approach in order to enhance weaken area like defective guidelines for product inventory management and quality. The issues in quality can be increased by improving the quality of raw material required for its product. And inventory issue can be resolved by reducing inventory levels. Uniqlo can control mistakes in inventory management from happening and where mistakes reiterate, stopping generation till the point that the procedure can be remedied, to keep the product out of defects. Lean: Lean is a methodical strategy for squandering minimization inside an assembling framework without sacrificing profitability. Uniqlo can consider reconsideration by reducing overburden and waste in inventory management. Working from the viewpoint of the customer, Uniqlo should consider an item or management, selling is an activity or process that a client pays for. So Uniqlo should adopt Lean to manage quality and control over it. For managing inventory: Lean should be practice to control production. Uniqlo should produce products by removing all the defects in production system like hiring competent staff, providing enough training to handle errors in machinery and many more. Other practices like planned production according to market trend should be practiced in order to reduce waste and resources of Uniqlo. Conclusion From above analysis, it can be concluded that an operation manager should consider various factors while producing a product. They should take a decision regarding production when they researched about demand for a product in a market. Uniqlo should keep in mind the four main operational dimensions: variety, volume, variation, and variety. Uniqlo should evaluate its decision on basis of cost and quality of the product as well. Strategies adopted by the company should be unique and innovative in order to remain competitive in the market. The main objective for Uniqlo should be speed, quality, dependability, flexibility, and cost. Uniqlo also faces operational issue mainly inventory management and quality management. An operational manager of Uniqlo should take some major measures like BPR, TQM, 6 sigma approaches and much more to resolve all the issues concerned. Uniqlo as clothing brand is very famous in Japan so to become more famous importance to operation management should be give n. References Baird, K., K. Jia Hu and R. Reeve, The relationships between organizational culture, total quality management practices and operational performance. International Journal of Operations Production Management, vol. 31, no. 7, 2011, p.789-814. Barratt, M., T.Y. Choi and M. Li,. Qualitative case studies in operations management: Trends, research outcomes, and future research implications. Journal of Operations Management, vol. 29, no 4, 2011, pp.329-342. Caro, F. and J. Gallien,. Inventory management of a fast-fashion retail network: Operations Research, vol 58, no 2, 2010, pp.257-273. ElMaraghy, H., G Schuh, W. ElMaraghy, F Piller, P Schnsleben, M Tseng and A Bernard,. Product variety management. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,vol 62, no 2, 2013, pp.629-652. Gunasekaran, A.,C Patel and R.E McGaughey, A framework for supply chain performance measurement. International journal of production economics, vol 87,no 3, 2004, pp.333-347. Kim, B., Competitive priorities and supply chain strategy in the fashion industry: Qualitative Market Research, An International Journal, vol 16, no 2, 2013, pp.214-242. Kim, D.Y, V. Kumar and U. Kumar,.Relationship between quality management practices and innovation. Journal of operations management, vol 30,no 4, 2012, pp.295-315. Krajewski, L.J.,L.P Ritzman and M.K. Malhotra. Operations management: processes and supply chains, New York, NY: Pearson, vol. 1, 2013, pp 50-100. Luthra, S.,V. Kumar, S. Kumar and A. Haleem. Barriers to implement green supply chain management in automobile industry using interpretive structural modeling technique: An Indian perspective. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, vol 4, no 2, 2013, pp.231-257. Sadikoglu, E. and C. Zehir,. Investigating the effects of innovation and employee performance on the relationship between total quality management practices and firm performance: An empirical study of Turkish firms. International journal of production economics,vol 127, no 1, 2010, pp.13-26. Sodhi, M.S., B.G Son and C.S Tang. Researchers' perspectives on supply chain risk management. Production and operations management, vol 21,no 1, 2012, pp.1-13. Stadtler, H, Supply chain management: An overview. In Supply chain management and advanced planning,. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015, pp. 3-28. Subramanian, N. and R. Ramanathan,. A review of applications of Analytic Hierarchy Process in operations management, International Journal of Production Economics, vol 138, no 2, 2012, pp.215-241. Tang, O. and S.N. Musa,. Identifying risk issues and research advancements in supply chain risk management. International journal of production economics, vol 133, no 1, 2011 pp.25-34. Taticchi, P.,F. Tonelli and L Cagnazzo,. Performance measurement and management: a literature review and a research agenda. Measuring business excellence, vol 14, no 1, 2010, pp.4-18. Trkman, P, The critical success factors of business process management. International journal of information management, vol 30, no 2, 2010, pp.125-134 Sadikoglu, E. and Zehir, C. Investigating the effects of innovation and employee performance on the relationship between total quality management practices and firm performance: An empirical study of Turkish firms. International journal of production economics,vol 127, no 1, 2010, pp.13-26. ElMaraghy, et al, Product variety management. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,vol 62, no 2, 2013, pp.629-652 Stadtler, H, Supply chain management: An overview. In Supply chain management and advanced planning,. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015, pp. 3-28. Kim, D.Y, Kumar, V and Kumar, U,Relationship between quality management practices and innovation. Journal of operations management, vol 30,no 4, 2012, pp.295-315. Gunasekaran, A, Patel, C and McGaughey, R.E, A framework for supply chain performance measurement. International journal of production economics, vol 87,no 3, 2004, pp.333-347. Luthra, S.,V. et al, Barriers to implement green supply chain management in automobile industry using interpretive structural modeling technique: An Indian perspective. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, vol 4, no 2, 2013, pp.231-257. Taticchi, P,Tonelli, F and Cagnazzo, L. Performance measurement and management: a literature review and a research agenda. Measuring business excellence, vol 14, no 1, 2010, pp.4-18. Tang, O. and Musa, S.N. Identifying risk issues and research advancements in supply chain risk management. International journal of production economics, vol 133, no 1, 2011 pp.25-34. Subramanian, N. and. Ramanathan,R. A review of applications of Analytic Hierarchy Process in operations management, International Journal of Production Economics, vol 138, no 2, 2012, pp.215-241. Sodhi, M.S., Son, B.G and Tang, C.S, Researchers' perspectives on supply chain risk management. Production and operations management, vol 21,no 1, 2012, pp.1-13. Caro, F. and Gallien,J.Inventory management of a fast-fashion retail network: Operations Research, vol 58, no 2, 2010, pp.257-273. Krajewski, L.J, Ritzman, L.J and. Malhotra. M.K Operations management: processes and supply chains, New York, NY: Pearson, vol. 1, 2013, pp 50-100. Trkman, P, The critical success factors of business process management. International journal of information management, vol 30, no 2, 2010, pp.125-134. Barratt, M., Choi, T.Y and M. Li,. Qualitative case studies in operations management: Trends, research outcomes, and future research implications. Journal of Operations Management, vol. 29, no 4, 2011, pp.329-342. K. Baird, k. Jia Hu and R. Reeve. The relationships between organizational culture: total quality management practices and operational performance. International Journal of Operations Production Management, vol. 31, no.7, 2011 pp.789-814.

Social Work for Gay free essay sample

This paper explores social work with the population of people in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, or questioning community, or LGBT community for short. This paper discusses the population of interests, which includes the history of social work in this field, reasons for serving this population, the role of the social worker, the types of advocacy, and characteristics of agencies that serve this population. Also, an interview done by Lise Schiffer, LCSW is mentioned. She discusses her experience as a social worker and her experience with the LGBT community. LGBTQ SOCIAL WORK Social work for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, or Transgendered Persons of Youth Population of Interest Section Imagine feeling helpless, alone, and discriminated against because of your sexual orientation. According to a national survey done in 2009 by the Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network, or GLSEN, 61. 1% of the LGBTQ youth feel unsafe in school because of their sexual orientation. Social work with the LGBTQ community has been around for many years. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Work for Gay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Social movements in the United states began around the 1950s and 60s according to Dr. Bonnie J. Morris of the American Psychological Association (2012). The first major movement occurred in 1965, Dr. Frank Kameny, a well known figure in the gay rights movement, held the first public protest by the LGBTQ community in front of the White House. A year later, the first known gay student organization was founded in New York City at Columbia University (TIME 2012). Issues of risk for the LGBT community can be many things. Most issues that people of the LGBT community face comes from being abused or bullied for their sexual orientation. Many LGBT youth face mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and suffer suicidal thoughts. When it comes to the issue of suicide, 36. 5% of the LGBTQ youth has attempted suicide and of that, 20. 5% of those attempts result in medical care (Berner, Donahue, Hack, Hale, Goodenow, 2002). According to Dr. Harold Koplewicz, child and adolescent psychiatrist, â€Å"Gay teens are four times more likely than straight teens to attempt suicide† (2010). An example of a gay teenager committing suicide is Tyler Clementi. Tyler LGBTQ SOCIAL WORK was a college student at Rutgers University in Washington who committed suicide after learning his roommate used a webcam to record Tyler having relations with another man. The reason for recording the affair was to exploit and intimidate Clementi for being gay. When discussing issues of the LGBTQ community, abuse is the greatest issue of all. According to the 2009 National survey done by GLSEN, â€Å"84. 6% of LGBTQ students reported being verbally harassed, 40. % reported being physically harassed and 18. 8% reported being physically assaulted at school in the past year because of their sexual orientation. † When coming out to peers or even family about being gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgendered, most of the LGBT youth are concerned with how they will react. â€Å"50% of gay teens experience a negative reaction from their parents and 26% of LGBT youth who come out to their parents are told to leave home† (Ray 2006). Another issue of the LGBTQ community is dealing with mental health issues. According to Challenges Faced by Homeless Sexual minorities: Comparison of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgendered Homeless Adolescents With Their Heterosexual Counterparts, LGBT youths reported higher levels of depressive symptoms than did heterosexual youths ( Cauce, Cochran, Ginzler, Stewart, 2002). There are many reasons as to why social workers serve the LGBT community. Many of them do not have any resources such as a home, or proper health care. According to an article titled, Family Acceptance Project- Helping LGBT Youths, in Social Work Today, one the roles of a social worker is to ensure that the LGBTQ youth is able to maintain a healthy relationship with their family after coming out to family. According to Christina Reardon, the LGBTQ SOCIAL WORK author of the article, â€Å" [Studies] show that that lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths whose families reject their sexual orientation and gender expression were at higher risk for several health problems as adults† (2009). Another role is to inform the families on how to support the LGBT youth in their time of need. Social workers work anywhere from a micro level with an individual and/or their families, or at a mezzo level when working with groups such as HIV positive or depressed members of the LGBTQ community. There are many prevention strategies social workers use for the LGBTQ community. There are support groups for those who are discriminated against,, who feel lonely and isolated due to not coming out yet to peers and family, and even those who are HIV positive or have other mental health issues. There are also seminars on how to protect oneself against getting STDs and HIV/AIDS and on what to do in the case of being abused or discriminated against for being gay or lesbian. There are many advocacy groups in the LGBTQ community. There are advocacy groups for gay rights, marriage, adoption, discrimination, healthcare, and other issues. A popular advocacy organization in the LGBTQ community is GLSEN, or the Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network. Founded 20 years ago, GLSEN’s mission is to â€Å"assure that each member of every school community is valued and respected regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity/expression† (2012). They have events such as the day of silence. The day of silence takes place every year on April 20 when students do not speak for an entire day to bring awareness to the harassment and discrimination faced by youths of the LGBTQ LGBTQ SOCIAL WORK community. When it comes to civil rights for the LGBTQ community, the Human Rights Campaign is well known. Founded in 1980 by advocates on behalf on the LGBTQ community, the mission of the Human Rights Campaign is to â€Å" achieve equality for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender Americans† (2011). A popular organization for LGBT adoption is the Family Equality Council. Founded on 1979, the Family Equality Council â€Å"connects, supports, and represents the one million lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender parents in this country and the two million children they are raising† (2012). Characteristics of the agencies that serve the LGBTQ community include many things. For example, the Howard Brown Health Center in Chicago offers many things to the LGBTQ community such as counseling, case management, and HIV/AIDS services. They also provide support for those victim of domestic abuse and those how are HIV positive. For younger patients, they have a youth center to help those who are homeless or feel unsafe. Another agency is the Center on Halsted in Chicago. Like Howard Brown they also offer HIV testing and support for those who tested positive. Programs offered for the youth includes after school programming and counseling (2012). Agency visit/social work interview section For this project, I interview a woman named Lise Schiffer, LCSW. I was not able to visit her due to her location however, I was able to email her questions about her profession and her private practice. Lise Schiffer graduated from Sarah Lawrence College and then went LGBTQ SOCIAL WORK to Columbia University School of Social Work in New York City. She has an MSSW in clinical social work. She has been exclusively in private practice for 16 years. Prior to that, She was the Director of Substance Abuse Services at Counseling Center of Lakeview and then Associate Director of Sarahs Inn, an Oak Park based domestic violence agency. When asked about her typical work day she stated, â€Å" My typical day is not typical for most social workers. I have a home office, so I dont have to commute nor deal with the weather. I am self-employed so I dont have a boss. I have an average of 20 appointments a week doing therapy with individuals and couples, both gay and straight. I spend a fair amount of time dealing with insurance companies, which are the bane of my existence. That is by far the worst part of my job. † When asked of what she enjoyed most about her job as a social worker she replied, â€Å"One of the things I like most about social work is the great variety of experiences one can have in a career. You can choose to be a clinician, an administrator, a supervisor, a community organizer, etc. and work with a variety of populations and age groups. Another thing I like is hearing the stories of so many different people and having the privilege of helping them to improve their lives. I also love that social work allows you to work for yourself, if that is your goal. † When I asked her if she had any advice to a prospective social worker she stated, â€Å" Listen to people on their own terms, not through your own filter. Learn not to take things personally (either when you are idealized or blamed for something) but take personal responsibility for your mistakes and promptly acknowledge them. Understand that the work is a collaboration. You and your clients are equals. However, the relationship is LGBTQ SOCIAL WORK one sided in that it is all about the clients interests, not yours. Learn about different theoretical perspectives but dont adhere rigidly to a particular model. And finally, be yourself. † When the interview concluded she simply stated, â€Å"I will just add that I love my profession and would become a social worker all over again. † When asked about her agency and what limitations there were, Schiffer stated, â€Å"The biggest limitation has to do with the absurdities of the insurance companies. When asked for an example she said, â€Å"For example, someone with BCBS (Blue Cross and Blue Shield) contacts me for services as I am in-network with that company, I go through a labyrinthine process of getting benefit information only to find out that they have farmed out behavioral health services to another company with whom I am NOT in network with (because the panel has been closed in Chicago for 20 years). Even though that company (UBH) does not pay the claim, the insureds deductible DOUBLES because I am not one of their providers. † The only criteria Schiffer has is she will not work with anyone who has a history of violence. Reaction Journal When I was first assigned the field of the LGBT community, I was excited. I have always been a supporter of the community, especially since I have 3 family members that are gay and lesbian. However, I never really discussed anything about the LGBTQ community with either of my family members so I was nervous in asking for some assistance. I chose this population because I have always had an interest in the social work involved and my aunt’s ex-girlfriend would tell me some of the stories from the agency she worked. Chicago. I was excited to interview an actual social worker that had worked with my aunt until he canceled last-minute leaving me having to find another social worker to interview. I had initially chose the Howard Brown Health Center because I had been there once before to visit my aunt’s ex-girlfriend and read information on their programs. My interview with Lise Schiffer was very interesting and I learned a lot from her. My favorite part of her interview was the advice she gave to a prospective social worker, especially when she said, â€Å"Be yourself. I did not like how I was not able to talk to Lise Schiffer more on her job and her private practice. I also did not like how difficult the previous social worker made this for me in having to find another social worker so last-minute. In my opinion, love is love. There is no right and wrong sexual orientation. Despite some of my family members’ opinions, I feel we are not to judge and treat someone bad just because of who they are attracted to or who they decide to date. My values and beliefs intersect with the NASW’s code of ethics. When I become a social worker, I will pay special attention to the standards of cultural competence and social diversity which states, â€Å"Social workers should obtain education about and seek to understand the nature of social diversity and oppression with respect to race, ethnicity, national origin, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, age, marital status, political belief, religion, immigration status, and mental or physical disability† (2012). I will also respect all clients, even those whose beliefs oppose mine.

Your Online Reputation †inspired by the Harvard Business Review

Your Online Reputation – inspired by the Harvard Business Review Last week I covered the issue of Facebook privacy in my article Facebook Privacy? What’s that?   While Facebook raises many privacy issues, your online footprint as a job seeker extends far beyond your Facebook profile. Even if you have avoided Facebook altogether, chances are you have not completely avoided the internet; and this means that you have an online reputation that can be explored- and exploited- by potential employers. The Harvard Business Review published an article on April 3, 2012 by Michael Fertik entitled, â€Å"Your Future Employer is Watching You Online. You Should be Too.†Ã‚   Before I read this article, I had not fully considered all the different ways employers might be researching candidates. I had seen statistics, which   Fertik also shares, that more than 75% of employers actively research candidates online (note this was a December 2009 statistic from Microsoft and is probably higher now), and that more than 70% of employers have decided not to hire a candidate based on what they have found online. I assumed that recruiters were looking at major social media sites like Facebook and LinkedIn; but according to this HBS article, recruiters dig much more deeply, looking through â€Å"shopping profiles, online gaming sites, classifieds and auction sites (think eBay and craigslist) – and even in virtual worlds like SecondLife!† You are always a shopper – and you are always the shopped Are you as amazed as I am at the extent of targeted advertising on the web? I get Facebook ads put in front of me for services relating to yoga, healthy diet and personal growth, probably because of the yoga videos, green drinks and books I search for and/or purchase on Amazon. Google has made it spookily easy for advertisers to discover my personal preferences. Clearly, if advertisers can do it, employers can too. There is basically nothing to stop employers from profiling their ideal candidate based on qualities like political inclinations, preferred leisure activities, diet, languages, etc. Of course job history and skills are still the primary considerations, but to narrow down the field, screening for other traits seems a natural extension of what advertisers do every day. Employers can search for you almost like they would for a pair of shoes. What Fertik drives home is that in today’s world, you are really always a job seeker whether you want to be or not. You *are* being researched. Whether you are found is another story. But if you are, you’ll want to look good when the right company finds you. Steps to take In addition to shopping only for items that do not cast doubt on your character, and of course ensuring that your Facebook and LinkedIn profile are professionally presented, there are additional steps you can take to manage your online reputation. Here are three important ones mentioned by Fertik: Check your own Google results. The first five results should make you look good. If they don’t, it’s time for an overhaul of your online reputation. Maybe it’s even time to create a website with the URL firstnamelastname.com or as close as you can get. Does an unsavory character share your first and last name? In that case, address it up front with employers whenever possible so they know to look beyond those initial results. Establish yourself as a skilled professional online. Participate in reputable forums, LinkedIn groups, and anywhere else where you can establish thought leadership online. Don’t assume anything is private. There is always a chance that emails, e-photos, etc. will somehow be discovered or appropriated by a spammer. Privacy settings do not protect you the way you might like. Have you Googled yourself lately? What did you find? Are you active in online forums? Do you think you would be chosen by an employer for the job you want? Please share your thoughts below.

A contrast essay about two professions

From my childhood, I have been interested in the cultural field. I have a dream to be a media person who works creatively with media-related work. So, as my future profession, I am considering two occupations, one of them is Art Director, and the other is Advertising, Promotions, and Marketing Manager often called marketing manager. That are my dream professions in future. Competitively the two occupations are related with creative and media industries, and both jobs are well paid have same work environment. Responsibility of an art director and a marketing manager are more alike than we might think. Both professions deal with the large groups of people. An art director works with other designers and artists, and on the other hand, a marketing manager plans programs to generate interest for the art directors, sales agents and financial staff members. An art director produces images for television, radio, film, advertisement, or video games. For example, a film art director carries out the movies artistic vision as defined by the production designer. He or she dose of the draftsman who in charge of design the sets and the construction manager who physically builds the sets. An art director also decorates and props masters to make sure all of the elements mesh, and an art director who is the contact for the special effect team. In fact, art directors are responsible for the visual style, images, and the overall artwork and layouts to make sure everything used on the sets is within the budget. Similarly, marketing manager plan programs to generate interest in a product or service. They work with art directors, sales agents, and financial staff members. For example, marketing managers inspect layouts, which are sketches or plans for an advertisement. However, both jobs duties, and responsibilities are related with almost the same people and both are joined to each other. Art directors, and marketing managers, both have salary structures that are good compared with some other jobs. On the research of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, an Art Director’s â€Å"median pay in 2012 was $80,880 per year, or $38. On the other hand, a Marketing Manager â€Å"median pay in 2012 was $115,750 per year, or $55. 65 per hour†. In addition, most art directors, and marketing managers work full time. However, in 2012, â€Å"about two in five marketing managers worked more than forty hours per week†. Nevertheless, depending on payment and working hours, both jobs are very attractive to me. Work environment is also another most important segment for compering the art director, and marketing manager’s career. An art director works for advertising and public relations firms as well as the motion picture and video industries. In comparison, a marketing manager works in offices close to financial decision management. Marketing managers work under pressure that is unavoidable when schedules change and problems arise, but deadlines and goals still must be met. Furthermore, they work in advertising agencies, public relations offices, and the newspaper offices. In fact an art director usually works in a fast-paced office as well as they often work under pressure to meet strict deadlines which is most important for this job. Competitively, both jobs have environments reliant on their job duties which are very similar. To summarize, compering both jobs responsibilities, salaries and work environments has made attractive for me. Because they have serious fun and creative working areas. Nevertheless, I would like to decide to be a marketing manager. Because it is a very creative career. I know I would be happy with this dream profession.

Corporate risk management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Corporate risk management - Essay Example In the year 2008 alone, the United States fire department indicated having responded to 1,451,500 fires in the country that resulted to 3,320 fatalities and over US $ 5,478,000,000 worth of property loss (Fodor Travel Inc 2008). The most recent fire outbreak was the California fires which resulted to losses of about US $ 1.5 million. Following this consideration, fires pose a risk to corporations and thus fire protection is quite critical in the modern era of highly dynamic consumerism patterns (Huang 2009). The only way to guarantee sustainable growth and development in a country is based on the holistic capacity to address all the incumbent risks factors. It is from this consideration that fire protection becomes very critical in modern risk management as a way of reducing its extended affects. Managing a risk is a cycle not necessarily geared towards eliminating the risk but ensuring that the losses that could be incurred in the event of a disaster are limited. The risk management cycle has been broadly broken down into four classes namely; evaluation of the risk, management of the risk, measurement of the risk and assessment of the risk. These stages determine how best to plan for a risk before it happens and the best course of action a corporation should take incase a disaster struck. Risk management is the process of identifying, assessing and prioritizing risks which is then backed up by a systematic and calculated application of available resources to limit, monitor closely, control and establish how the identified risks can be effectively handled. The plan devised with the available resources should be geared towards minimizing the probability of negative effects that could come with the occurrence of a risk. For this paper, the identified risk is fire since it poses a huge risk to both property and people. A good risk management

Enterprise Business Intelligence and analysis Essay

Enterprise Business Intelligence and analysis - Essay Example As stated in the report, offering advanced technological features to casual users is a recipe for disaster. Casual users are information users who are interested only in the reports and not in how the tools and databases work. Therefore the factor of usability is the most important in increasing BI adoption among the casual users. The power users as information producers require more powerful analytical tools to develop reports and business views. Therefore the development of the BI infrastructure should be customized to the different groups of users. Implementing a BI framework effectively is a process of change management. Therefore the top management has to communicate with the employees about the strategic importance of maximizing the use of BI. Unless there is support from the top management for using the BI framework, the employees will not be motivated to use the features and functionalities of business intelligence to the maximum extent. For this reason it is important to cat egorize the different requirements of power users and casual users and to communicate with them accordingly. The communications framework is one of the most important tools in managing change and therefore it should be used by the top management in motivating the application of business intelligence. The power users are the more important users. ... In order to maximize the effectiveness of the technology, the organization should be able to integrate BI into the existing architecture consisting of security, web servers and databases. Unless the BI system can be made compatible with the processes which are currently being used, its usability will be minimal. The employees will be more willing to use BI if it has an interface that is similar to those that they are currently using. It is more important to bring the power users on board so that they can coordinate with IT personnel to optimize the delivery of the format to the rest of the enterprise. The management also has to purchase licenses. Therefore they should conduct an inventory of users to estimate the number of licenses required and thus reduce costs. Another way to reduce costs is to ensure fast performance. It is more important to ensure fast performance among the casual users. However the power users should also emphasize upon fast performance in order to deliver timel y information. This information should be based upon high-quality data. Maximization of the BI acceptance among employees in various business functions and hierarchy levels in enterprise operations entails the process of managing change. The critical success factor in change management is communications. Therefore the critical success factor is to consider how to create an effective communications framework between the top management and the employees. As stated in the TDWI best practices report, this objective can be met by developing a marketing plan which can be delivered enterprise-wide through a variety of communications channels such as email, Web, meetings, events, posters, training, helpdesk etc. In this manner the value

This task requires me to identify trends that may occur in West London Essay Example for Free

This task requires me to identify trends that may occur in West London Essay I will comment on what these trends and what implications they have on William Hill especially on specific job roles and the HR department. A trend shows the general direction of a service of data over a period of time that is why when looking at the population at the type of age available in the area and what sectors face a decrease in employment I noticed that population for LWLSC is projected to increase by 2.1% to 1,395,622 in 2005. This trend will affect William Hill because they have various large and small LBOs in West London, which means that they will have a larger pool of core and peripheral labour to choose from. When looking at the core workers in William Hill these are usually the managers who play a major role in the organisation of branches and William Hill win be inoperative without them and peripheral workers are those who fill the slots and can be easily replaced for instant Cahiers. The Size of LWLSC between 1999-2005 of the population aged 15 and under is likely to increase by 2.4%, 16-18 by 7.7%, 19-24% by 7.1% and 25-59 by 1.9% the LWLSC population aged 60+ is projected to decrease by a small percentage in 2005 by 0.9%. By this William Hill knowing the size of the population means that they can plan ahead knowing how many core and periphery workers they will need and knowing what age range they will have more available of. Also the figures shows that between 1999-2005vthier will be more 16-18 workers in the pool of labour to William Hill which is a positive sign because new ideas can be adopted through them when employed such as Cashiers in order to be competitive in this market. The population for 60+ is projected to decrease by 0.9%. This percentage is different from the figures of the rest of the UK with trends showing a changing population retirement age is proposed to increase form 60years to 70 years. This trend will not affect William Hill because this working age are not there core employees but William Hill cannot discriminate them due to age so when planning for human resource it is a good idea to have them in their mind and probably try to change their social policy in order to fit this age range into the organisation. In the tertiary sector business will have to look at the primary and secondary sector to recruit employees. Both of these sectors are seeing the employment rate falling. Secondary sector such as utilities see employment falling .29% whilst employment in manufacturing in projected to decrease by 0.14%. These sectors are where humans are no longer needed to the job and are being replaced by machines or alternative products and services. This in the short run does not affect William Hill because technology in this industry is not that advanced yet but probably in the near future Cashiers and Managers will be replaced by talking machines, which means unemployment, will rise and less disposable income to purchase bets. On the other hand if unemployment increase then there should be a larger pool of labour to choose from which will mean that there will be high competition when trying to recruit the best Manager and Cashier. Many businesses found that there is shortages of skills amongst adults that are moving from higher education into jobs because results show that 20% of the adult population lacks literacy and numeric skills. Many employees are looking for help with these skills when it comes to working on the tills and communicating to both supplier and customers. So now the employers have turned round to CBI (Confederation of British Industry) who are a collection of employees who meet with the government and discuss about issues, which affect the productivity in the UK businesses in order to stay competitive wit the rest of Europe. From this discussing the government has introduced a new learning scheme called Keyskills that helps student s with basic communication, I.T, numerical and literacy skills. This will affect William Hill positively if more students are trained these skills because they need to employ workers who are experienced communicators and exceptionally good with application of numbers. This not allows William hill to be more competitive due to skilled work force but it allows Britain to be competitive with Europe so workers can be employed form abroad and particularly important in employing Managers because they need to have obtained level 4 Keyskills whereas Cashiers mainly level 3. A time series shows historical data that can be used and analysed to predict futures trends. The first step in analysing a time series is to isolate and define the underlying trend. Such as looking at trends which show that at Christmas these is a decline in spending in William Hill due to that time of season when money has to be spent on alternative luxury goods which means that William Hill dont employ much staff during the course of this season due to a slump in sales and to maximise profits labour cost is cut but more promotion could be done to customers. This does cause the Labour Turnover to increase and absence also because no is being kept busy within the shop and motivation decreases also. Whereas during the summer time big races start to take place and more staff need to be employed to even cover night racing starting from April to cope with extra demand of customers and foreign racing especially in such a boom period. Both of these trends are seasonal trends so William Hill know they bound to happen because that is how customers and it is their job to cater to this need however this is subject to increase or decrease depending on the rate of inflation but during night racing more Cashier and Managers are employed to cope with increase of demand. Extrapolating sales trend is useful due to it allowing analysing past events but the real key to business success is planning for the future. Extrapolation means basing a forecast of the future upon past trends. Market research is used by William Hill to collect data to find out about certain information concerning the Internet for example. Primary research is collection of information that applies to a specific purpose and for personal use that is why William Hill may have to conduct it themselves because it may not exist through various means such as surveying, observing and testing. William Hill use primary research to obtain information about peoples preferences because this would help know how they spend their money espials loyal cutovers who purchase over the net and or even purchase from home. William Hill could question them but these ways dont always work because no matter how loyal customer may be taking time out to answer a few question is rather hard also it may appear to customers we a annoying them and this may lead to purchase from other rivals. Also if a e-mail is end that can be easily disposed of and it does not guarantee that they have even looked at the mail so its not really effective. Whereas secondary research is using existing published data and information. William Hill look at present sales figures to predict how the future sales will be by doing this will mane that they can compare sales figure form last year and predict what needs to be done now in order to meet that future demand. Also from the figures William hill can see how competitive they were in the previous years and see how they have improved or not but what can be improved to be competitive in their market. However if their sales fall then they have to make some swift unemployment such as less core workers who are not as competent and correspond with the person specification. William Hill takes into account different aspects when thinking of employing labour. When William Hill do take on workers they also take into account minimum wage if not they have breached a major statue and will have to give monetary compensation to workers. Also more money is given to workers according to the Postcode of your LBO a bit a like London Weighting but this affect William Hill because more labour cost which are tax deductible and probably less bonuses to motivate workers especially managers for the hard work they put into their job. If dont receive this they may decide to leave and this decreases retention and replacement is not so easy. William Hill has to be aware of alternatives for Labour such as using technology (machine) to do the work. This in the short run be expensive process for business to set up but once done they will do the job quicker than humans which means William Hill will have more efficient and long run investment and will allow William Hill to benefit from economies of scales. But machinery to be maintained is a very long task and if one breaks down it is not easy to repair or substituted for a peripheral machine. Anyway due to the service that William Hill provides it is quite impossible to sack Cashiers and Mangers and replace them with robots because they cannot give customer satisfaction compared to humans such communication and a smile whereas machines connoted fulfil this role properly because they dont correspond to the person specification. Forecasting is prediction of future trends based on past information either from primary or secondary market research, which are vital to a business planning for the future. William Hill like to plan ahead because this allows them to know what will likely happen for instance if sales go down then some peripheral workers would be sacked such as Cashiers and even less Deputy Managers however at the end of the day it is a forecast which is a plan and there is no concrete evidence that will happen so their is no point trying to ration staff to work towards better profit for the future because external factors may have to be accounted for instead of planning a future which business like William Hill dont have the eyes for i.e. consumer spending. This has currently decreased in the last coming months to Christmas and affected greatly many markets as well as post sales decline occurred. I have made a forecast, which I believe reasonable for my branch because I shop is currently on Grade 3, which means we take on average 180,000 bets a year From this I can tell that my William Hill branch at moment is doing very well as they have launched a new computerised games and also Ladbrokes which is 6 doors down has just closed down and therefore William Hill have greater consumers coming to our branch. However I feel this will not last because William Hill aim for the older populated sector and therefore excluding many potential customer who are young and decreasing their market span. Overall I feel that William Hill sales will increase with the right amount of publicity and innovative ideas from the younger generation to entice the same age group and to allow William Hill to gain first to the market advantage of attract new young middle and upper class customers. This decreases competition at first but soon rivals will have obtained William Hills idea but because they where there first then have obtained a loyal segment of the betting market to themselves. Also quality of the service could improve if not then my predictions will likely be wrong because Corals could move in straight away and decrease our sales and profit so inevitably workers will have to laid off or assets sold to enable the business to recoup. William Hill have many opportunities open to them it is wise to invest in a good human resource because they are the hands of the company and make William Hill a success today. Maximising profit could be expanding but in other areas rather than West London because the pool of labour is not as attractive as William Hill want it to be due to very little are skilled to the extent that they should be by the government maybe if William Hill do operate and investment in technology they will come back to West London and employ because they seem very competent and competitive with Information Technology or if needed recruitment for Head Office then William Hill know the best place to come.

Essay --

Human Intelligence (HUMINT) Exploitation Teams (HET), now referred to as Counterintelligence/HUMINT Detachments (CHD), have proven to be highly valuable and effective intelligence collection assets and have provided a significant amount of actionable intelligence during counterinsurgency operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. However, very little HUMINT has been gathered by Marines from the female populations within these population culture. Despite the introduction of female Marines into the Counterintelligence/HUMINT (CI/HUMINT) community in September 2008, it has been difficult to gain access to potential female sources without female CI/HUMINT Marines employed with the maneuver infantry units down to the lowest tactical level. Counterinsurgency (COIN) collection operations hinges on the intelligence community’s ability to locate, contact, and learn from the indigenous population at large in order to glean potentially time-sensitive and valuable information which may save l ives or answer pertinent collection requirements above the tactical level. This task is very difficult for male Marines who are not only ill-prepared and rarely trained to interact with female members of any local community to which they are deployed, but they are also formally and rigidly restricted from direct contact with females in the majority of the Middle East cultures. The employment of Female CI/HUMINT Marines at the lowest tactical level within a counterinsurgency environment is imperative to operational level mission accomplishment. In 2013, the Secretary of Defense overturned a 1994 rule that had previously prohibited women from being assigned to smaller tactical ground combat units. The individual United States military branches have ... ...y combatants or insurgents. Combat experiences allow commanders to operate within a shorter decision-making cycle due to their successes and failures from previous COIN operations. Combat units remain focused on achieving situational understanding of their assigned area of responsibility and thus are willing to employ any and all resources available to achieve mission accomplishment. Units or individuals attached, but not assigned, to combat units provide a capability requested or required by the operating unit to enhance its combat effectiveness and its likelihood of mission accomplishment. The counter-insurgency environments in Iraq and Afghanistan required quality HUMINT collection, to be successful. Ensuring that qualified and dedicated CI/HUMINT women Marines are a fundamental part of the future tactical environment is an imperative that cannot be ignored. Essay -- Human Intelligence (HUMINT) Exploitation Teams (HET), now referred to as Counterintelligence/HUMINT Detachments (CHD), have proven to be highly valuable and effective intelligence collection assets and have provided a significant amount of actionable intelligence during counterinsurgency operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. However, very little HUMINT has been gathered by Marines from the female populations within these population culture. Despite the introduction of female Marines into the Counterintelligence/HUMINT (CI/HUMINT) community in September 2008, it has been difficult to gain access to potential female sources without female CI/HUMINT Marines employed with the maneuver infantry units down to the lowest tactical level. Counterinsurgency (COIN) collection operations hinges on the intelligence community’s ability to locate, contact, and learn from the indigenous population at large in order to glean potentially time-sensitive and valuable information which may save l ives or answer pertinent collection requirements above the tactical level. This task is very difficult for male Marines who are not only ill-prepared and rarely trained to interact with female members of any local community to which they are deployed, but they are also formally and rigidly restricted from direct contact with females in the majority of the Middle East cultures. The employment of Female CI/HUMINT Marines at the lowest tactical level within a counterinsurgency environment is imperative to operational level mission accomplishment. In 2013, the Secretary of Defense overturned a 1994 rule that had previously prohibited women from being assigned to smaller tactical ground combat units. The individual United States military branches have ... ...y combatants or insurgents. Combat experiences allow commanders to operate within a shorter decision-making cycle due to their successes and failures from previous COIN operations. Combat units remain focused on achieving situational understanding of their assigned area of responsibility and thus are willing to employ any and all resources available to achieve mission accomplishment. Units or individuals attached, but not assigned, to combat units provide a capability requested or required by the operating unit to enhance its combat effectiveness and its likelihood of mission accomplishment. The counter-insurgency environments in Iraq and Afghanistan required quality HUMINT collection, to be successful. Ensuring that qualified and dedicated CI/HUMINT women Marines are a fundamental part of the future tactical environment is an imperative that cannot be ignored.

Race & Ethnicity Essay

Looking back at the history of Race & Ethnicity I am proud to see how much progress is made in the world. I must say that I am blessed to live in such a diverse society, amongst individuals with more rights than those of other countries. My name is Sunny Patel and my family comes from a small village back in India. My young family members such as my cousins, sister & myself, are considered 1st generation Indian Americans. In my culture picking names are customarily rights given to the father’s side of the family, particularly the child’s grandparents. I was the first in my family to no have followed such tradition as my mother decided my fate and named me Sunny. Ever since that missed tradition I strived to set myself apart from other people within the Indian community. Anytime someone asks me where I am from, I simply tell them I was born and raised in the south. The truth is I have been all over the east coast splitting my childhood between the north and south. I star ted my journey in Orlando, Florida (2 years), where I was born, then made my way to New Jersey (11 years), back down south to Georgia (6 years) and finally back to Jersey (4 years and counting). What sets me apart from all other South Asians is my lack for Indian culture and native English tongue. I do not look or dress like other south Asians which allows  me to diversify amongst my peers a lot easier than most. Living in America and going to school has made me forget my culture and language. In other words going to American schools you find it easier to fit in with others when you let go of your differences and come together with your similarities. Before you knew it I was not speaking anything but English even in my household Going back to what I said earlier, â€Å"Anytime someone asks me where I am  from†¦,† after this dialogue people are usually not expecting me to have said what I said so they nervously continue and say, â€Å"oh, you never been to India?†. Unlike most South Asians I only been to India one time and that was when I was 7 years old. That trip to India made me reacquaint myself with my Indian roots. I was not embarrassed or afraid of not fitting in when it comes to my religion but I simply wanted to distinguish myself as someone who is unique and different from the rest. I still embrace my religion and will always follow the traditions as it makes my mother happy and keeps me connected to who I am. If I grew up in India there is no denying my ties to my religion but growing up in America was the transition phase between where I come from and where I am. When you are South Asian, growing up in America is not the best things because there are many cases in which we get mad fun of and even though I was Americanized, I was still made fun of after people find out where I was from. This is what made me not want to be Indian and not even American but my own person defined by my own standards. After my move from Jersey to Georgia I felt more out of place than ever and I do not believe many people with my experience have had to go through such great change. I went from a school with a mix of Indian, Asian, Caucasian, African American etc. to a school with primarily all African American and Latino students. I was terrified because the school would have many fights and this is the time where I got made fun of the most probably due to the fact that the education system was so low that I felt I dropped back a grade or two, and most importantly 9-11 just had occurred not too long ago. I was miserable and faced much torment due to the ignorant. I was no where close to the people who were involved in the 9-11 attacks but due to the poor education system of the southern public schools breading ignorance, I had to face those problems one attach at a time. I would not sit back and let people talk so I talked back and sometime got into trouble from the administration and of course fights I got myself into, without a possible out. After going through one year in Georgia public schools I made my way to a private Presbyterian Christian Academy. I found myself to grow and better myself at this fine institution. I never felt more at home than I did at  this school but at first it was scary, as I was the only Indian American their surrounded by primarily those of the Caucasian decent. I strived to excel amongst my peers and found a place where I was accepted and grow up in peace. I played every sport and joined many clubs while making great lifelong friend, who I still talk to till this day. If I did not attend this school I would not be the man I am today. After graduation I went to school in Gainesville state college for one year while my mom rapped up her business in Georgia so we could make the move back to Jersey where the opportunities were a lot greater. I transferred to NJIT and found myself to grow even further as I toke my experience that I earned over the years and  put it into effect. I am now to graduate at the end of this summer and will most likely work with my Pennwell, the company I last interned with as a Marketing Intern.

Person and Service Users Essay

Answer 1 As a trainer of many subjects, I must ensure that my own knowledge of the various legislation and regulatory requirements and codes of practice are current and up to date, which are often subject to change, in order that the information relayed to the candidates is correct. There are several key pieces of legislation that are paramount to the subjects I teach, Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 determines that I have a duty of care to each candidate / assessors who attend any course I deliver. To comply with this a risk assessment of the training facilities is undertaken and reviewed upon every course run. In order to ensure the safety and welfare of the attendees a health and safety talk is conveyed making sure that all are aware of any potential hazards, fire evacuation procedures etc. Each attendee is made aware that they have a responsibility to ensure the safety of themselves and of those around them. Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER) –This regulation dictates that lifting equipment used for lifting people is subject to a six monthly inspection by a competent person. Each hoist used to safely move people has a working emergency release to ensure that should the hoist fail the person is not stuck in mid air and is safely lowered to the floor within a short time. In order to ensure that candidates are physically able and have no medical issues a Health Declaration form is completed and signed by all attending the courses. Should any medical issues arise then a short talk to the candidate is conducted ascertaining there capabilities. Answer 2 I teach a variety of subjects and in a majority of the courses there is often mixed levels of knowledge and experience of the subject being taught. In order to achieve this information I introduce myself, explaining who I am and a brief description of my background and knowledge of the subject and then ask the class to introduce themselves and give a brief description of their experience if any of the subject. For those who have experience I explain that I value their input on the subject if they have any experiences on the area in which we are discussing. For the others who might be new to the subject I reassure that by the end of the course they will have a good working knowledge and confidence in the subject. Once in the classroom I would discuss the subject matter that I intend to teach and with this valuable assistance of PowerPoint’s start the course. Throughout the course I encourage class interaction, asking questions for the class to discuss and come up with the answer. Ensuring that all students are involved, encouraging an open discussion. As the majority of my client base is within the care industry the subjects I teach encourage equality and valuing diversity throughout as the main role of a carer is to promote independence of their service users and giving person centred care. Encouraging equality and valuing everyone’s opinion irrelevant of their background or culture, as we can learn from each other as we all have different life experiences. Answer 3 My role within lifelong learning is to make sure all candidates leave my courses learning at least one thing. And to deliver the course in a way that the feel valued and that their voice and opinion was heard. Answer 4 As a trainer I have found that one of the simplest ways to meet the needs of the learners to those I am teaching is by relating to real-life situations and circumstances that I have faced. If you bombard the clients with PowerPoint’s which are just full of facts that they are trying to memorise or record the information becomes more difficult to absorb and less likely to be retained. To promote additional learning a handout is produced, also in an easy to read manner for the learners to review to keep information fresh in their minds. I encourage all candidates to become better carers, by learning more about their service users illness or injury and how this affects their service users.

How Carbon-14 Is Used To Date Artifacts

How Carbon-14 Is Used To Date Artifacts In the 1950s W.F. Libby and others (University of Chicago) devised a method of estimating the age of organic material based on the decay rate of carbon-14. Carbon-14 dating can be used on objects ranging from a few hundred years old to 50,000 years old. What Is Carbon-14? Carbon-14 is produced in the atmosphere when neutrons from cosmic radiation react with nitrogen atoms: 147N 10n → 146C 11H Free carbon, including the carbon-14 produced in this reaction, can react to form carbon dioxide, a component of air. Atmospheric carbon dioxide, CO2, has a steady-state concentration of about one atom of carbon-14 per every 1012 atoms of carbon-12. Living plants and animals that eat plants (like people) take in carbon dioxide and have the same 14C/12C ratio as the atmosphere. However, when a plant or animal dies, it stops taking in carbon as food or air. The radioactive decay of the carbon that is already present starts to change the ratio of 14C/12C. By measuring how much the ratio is lowered, it is possible to make an estimate of how much time has passed since the plant or animal lived. The decay of carbon-14 is: 146C → 147N 0-1e (half-life is 5720 years) Example Problem A scrap of paper taken from the Dead Sea Scrolls was found to have a 14C/12C ratio of 0.795 times that found in plants living today. Estimate the age of the scroll. Solution The half-life of carbon-14 is known to be 5720 years.​ Radioactive decay is a first order rate process, which means the reaction proceeds according to the following equation: log10 X0/X kt / 2.30 where X0 is the quantity of radioactive material at time zero, X is the amount remaining after time t, and k is the first order rate constant, which is a characteristic of the isotope undergoing decay. Decay rates are usually expressed in terms of their half-life instead of the first order rate constant, where k 0.693 / t1/2 so for this problem: k 0.693 / 5720 years 1.21 x 10-4/year log X0 / X [(1.21 x 10-4/year] x t] / 2.30 X 0.795 X0, so log X0 / X log 1.000/0.795 log 1.26 0.100 therefore, 0.100 [(1.21 x 10-4/year) x t] / 2.30 t 1900 years

Global Intitutions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Global Intitutions - Research Paper Example Health is also vital for achieving peace and security and hence both individuals and states should fully co-operate towards achieving this means. When there is a lack of health promotion activities and adequate steps taken for disease control then the state becomes more vulnerable to communicable diseases. Promotion of child health and welfare and creating awareness among all the individuals of a state about medical well-being could help in achieving complete health attainment. In order to meet this end it is vital for people to fully extend their cooperation and work together in improving the health of the entire community. In order to meet this end the constitution also calls for the co-operation from the governments of all states to undertake social and medical measures which will ensure a healthy society. The WHO is headquartered at Geneva, Switzerland and has offices in more than 150 countries with more than 7000 people working in them. The organization has 6 regional offices in the African region, America, South-East Asia, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Western Pacific and a Global Service Center in Malaysia. Its staff includes medical doctors, specialists working in public health, scientists, epidemiologists, and staff who have been trained for the purpose of managing administration, finance, and information systems in the various offices. In addition, the centers also include members who have specialized in the field of health statistics, economics and who have experience in carrying out emergency relief operations. Within the framework of the United Nations, the WHO directs and coordinates with other world countries on issues pertaining to international health. The WHO offers leadership positions and entering into partnerships wherever required on critical health issues. They al so play an active role in encouraging research studies and thereby stimulate the creation and transfer of knowledge regarding various health issues. The WHO is

Internet Censorship in the United Arab Emirates Essay

Internet Censorship in the United Arab Emirates - Essay Example This essay tells that internet censorship also allows the control of ideas and information within the Internet, some countries such as those within the United Arab Emirates does control the information over some of the internet connected computers. It is a form of â€Å"total internet censorship,† the concept is, however, difficult to implement due to the improvement and the continuous distribution of internet technology. Generally, the concept of internet censorship involves the limiting of information that can be accessed on the Internet for a particular set of reasons; the concept involves the suppression of assessing and publishing content online. This, in turn, means that censorship involves blocking the information at the time of publishing the information or controlling sites designed to inhibit the access of the online information. The concept at times involves a form of deceitful techniques, in these instances, the government blocks the information and at the same tim e lead the public into believing that the concept is not applied. In most cases, the application of the concept involves issuing fake ISP which provides a â€Å"not found† error message when the internet user requests to access the page. In most cases people tend to ignore the administrative control of online information, however, in the concept of internet censorship, the administrative body (the government) possesses the power to block the reception of specific information and the reception of certain sites. Some of the most prominent countries which adapt to the concept include North Korea, Vietnam, China, Burma, and Saudi Arabia (as per the Paris government organization), however, even with the known countries, other countries adapt to the concept with the belief that the concept is beneficial to the whole country. Internet censorship acts as a regulatory necessity which aims at ‘protecting’ against larger issues within the society, those that oppose the conc ept believe that the authoritative control within the concept imposes the basic rights and also infringes the freedom of the press.

Fauquier Gas Company Logistics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fauquier Gas Company Logistics - Assignment Example A change from agricultural life to commercial and residential life within a society increases the demand for gas thus the business needs to react urgently to serve the customers’ needs. It is a fact that different departments within Fauquier gas company operate independently as opposed to one unit. It thus makes communication within the organization difficult. Another fact within the organization is that the organization’s heads of departments respond slowly to the news. That aspect is evidenced by the fact that even after Mr. Murphy heard about the new pipe construction project and made efforts to contact all the heads of the department’s partaking the project in January. By April 14 he is yet to receive a purchase request and pipe specification (Hood, 2013).The main problem within the organization is communication. Whereas communication is enhanced after inquiries about certain events are made, timely information is essential for an organization’s develo pment. As logistics entails efficient flow of information within an organization’s department, it is thus important if communication within the organization is effective and timely (Drucker and Marciariello, 2009). In order to cater for the rising customer demand, Fauquier Gas Company requires undertaking a mega investment decision. To ensure sufficient gas supply to customers, three and a half miles of new gas needs installation by September (Hood, 2013). Though the capital investment seems to be taking progress, all the departments involved in achieving that objective are not equally engaged. It seems awkward to realize that Mr. Murphy, being the head of supply management is unaware of the undergoing project within the organization. Investing in a three, and a half mile gas line requires a lot of resources and to make such decisions regarding authorization of material purchases, sufficient  information is necessary.  

Construction Industry Book Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Construction Industry Book - Article Example Starting with the verification of existing conditions in chapter 2, the book continues to discuss on the merits and proper use of concrete being the major construction material, followed by discussion on aspects of masonry. The author provides guidelines towards use of metals such as iron, steel, aluminum and non-metals such as wood, plastic material in the construction projects. The book further discusses on thermal and moisture protection techniques along with required ventilation, as well as HVAC and heating parameters. The book provides details on the finishing aspect of construction projects, up to the last minute requirement of furnishings, with emphasis on utilities including the electric work.(Simmons, 2001) This book is a complete academic guide for all students of civil, electrical and air-conditioning engineers, as it explains the minute details in an absorbing manner for any fresh student. The book can be helpful for all those who are concerned with construction projects as it can help them to prepare the project charter from the concept or design level, up to the level of complete project handover. Although this book is a lengthy guide, the individual chapters would be useful for different professionals according to their job requirements. For example, civil engineers will find useful details in chapters on concrete and other building materials. Similarly, electrical engineers would benefit from going through chapter on utilities and electric works, while heating, humidity control and air-conditioning experts can find interesting details from the chapter dedicated to these principles. Simmons. L. H, (2001) Construction: principles, materials and methods .google books Retrieved from:

The relationship between firms and households

The relationship between firms and households 1.0 Introduction Factors of production are land, labor capital and entrepreneurship. Households are the owners of factors of production and the firms are users of factors of production. Firms use households (factors of production) to pay factor incomes which is rent, wages, interest and profit. Firms will use factor of production to produce output in the way of goods and services, which will be purchased by the household. In this way household incur their expenditures. 1.1 Body Circular flow diagram is the visual model of economy which shows how money flows through the markets among household and firms. Circular flow model consists of four separate models which each sequentially adding sectors or markets and also thus providing the greater complexity and realism. The four flows are flow factors of production from households to firms, flow of incomes from firms to household, flow of output of goods and services from firms to households and lastly flow of expenditures from households to firms. 1.1.1 Circular Flow Diagram http://wpcontent.answcdn.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Circular_flow_of_goods_income.png/350px-Circular_flow_of_goods_income.png Above circular flow diagram divides the economy into two sectors which is one concerned with the producing goods and services, and the other with consuming them. All the four flows which has been stated as been illustrated in the circular flow above. In the diagram the outer flows of incomes and expenditures are flows of money and the inner flows of factors of productions and outputs are the flows of goods and services. 1.1.2 Households Households have the main function because they are the workers and also consumers. So they provide labour to firms and compensated with wages from the firms. Other then that as consumers they also buy goods and services from firms which constitutes as consumer expenditure. 1.1.3 Firms Firms are the producers of goods and services. Labour and capital is the input of the production process. Labour comes from households where wages are paid and the capital investment can be funded either by retained profits or borrowing from the financial sector. 1.1.4 Relationship between Households and Firms In a daily life example we are consumers who are working for a firm to earn wages. Because we working for the company the company makes profit and increase their production in their goods and services. When we are the households we receive wages from firms and we use it to buy goods and services produce by firms. 2.0 Withdrawals and Injections Withdrawals take place when there are movements of funds out of the circular flow in income. The three important things in withdrawals are Savings (S), Taxation (T) and Imports (M). In Savings households wont be spent all the factors income received on the current or even immediate consumption. Households also prefer to keep some for future or deferred consumption. For example households make their saving in the form of deposits at financial institutions such as banks. Taxation is where households have to pay to the government as taxes from their income. For example when household receive their wages their will be a deduction column as their income tax. Imports is where households willing to buy goods and services from abroad rather than consuming domestically produced goods and services. An injection takes place when there are movements of funds into the circular flow of incomes. The three important things in injection are Investments (I), Government expenditure (G) and Exports (X). In Investments households saved income which was deferred consumption there are later invested back in the circular flow/economy. In government expenditures government use all the taxes received from households and then ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s creates in flow of funds back into the circular flow. For example government expenditure includes road building, construction and more. Government use the total taxes which had collected from household to build road, hospital, buildings and other. In exports firms may sell some of their goods and services to foreign countries. In the economy expenditure from the foreign countries by foreigners becomes an injection. 2.1 Withdrawals and Injections diagramUntitled.jpg 3.0 Total Withdrawals equal wit Total Injectionsmmmm.jpg In the terms of the expanded circular flow of the income model the state of equilibrium takes parts when the total withdrawals that occur in the economy. It can be proven as: Savings + Imports +Taxes = Investment + Government Spending + Exports OR S + M+T = I + G + X 4.0 Conclusion Disequilibrium is the stage where the economic activity is not equal, and it is where withdrawals become greater than injections or even withdrawals less than injections, where also known as the stage of equilibrium when Withdrawals equal with injections. (693 WORDS) 5.0 Bibliography 1. Mankiw, Gregory N. Principles of Economics. 4th edition,  ©2007 Thomson Southwestern, 2. Sloman, John (1999), Economics, 3rd edition, Pretice Economics. 3. Graeme Chambelin, Lind Yueh (2006), Macroeconomics, Thomson Learning. QUESTION 2 1.0 Introduction The fluctuations in the level of the economics activities of a country over time are often be the best illustrated by the Business Trade Cycles. Business trade cycle is also known as the periodic fluctuation in the rate of the economic activity as it been measured by levels of employment, prices and also production. 1.1 Body The four main concepts in business trade cycles are full employment, unemployment, recession and inflation. Full employment takes place at the level of economic activity when all available at factors of production are fully utilized. In the business trade cycles, there is upward swings and also downward swings. The periods of adversity are alternate with the periods of business prosperity. Every boom is followed by a vice versa and also a slump. This business trade cycle is simply means that the whole course of trade or even business activity which is passes through all the phases of prosperity and also adversity. 2.0 Phrases in Business Trade Cyclemk.jpg 2.1 Phases in Business Trade Cycle Economists actually divided the business cycles into two main phases which is depression and recovery then boom and slump. Boom and slump mark turning points in the cycles. 2.1.1 Depression In this phase, the whole economy will be in depression mode and the business is at the lowest stage. Other than that the general purchasing power of the community is very low. In the productive activity, both production of consumer goods and the production of capital goods are at the low level. There are some of the main characteristics in depression. Depression makes the amount of production and trade shrinks. It is also increases unemployment and the overall prices become decreases. All the profits and wages decreases and the income of the community fall at a very low level. Other than that aggregate expenditure together with the effective demand also goes down. For example if a firm receiving a new investment or replacement investment they will make it delay as long as they are possible to go for it. Other than that in stock markets the prices of all shares and securities will be fallen to a very low level. Even in practically all the construction activity no matter in buildings o r machinery comes to an end. 2.1.2 Recovery Recovery is also known as expansion. In this phase the depression period comes to an end. In recovery phase all the economic situations become favourable. As money become cheap it makes the other materials and also factors of production easy and cheap. Here the aggregate demand becomes low aggregate supply. Other than that the productive activity also has been increased and the entrepreneurs also have sufficient financial backing. This makes the further investment and production increased. For example when a construction company ends all their projects in depression phase, now the same company will start receiving orders and employing more employees to create more income and employment. Lastly the whole economy will be moving faster towards the boom phase. 2.1.3 Boom Boom is also known as peak phase and it is a turning point in trade cycle. This phase is the highest point in economic recovery. In this phase there is a large number of production and also trade. There is also a high level of employment and also the job opportunities in limited amount to permit a good deal of labour mobility. Aggregate Demand will be equal with Aggregate supply. Overall it makes the prices rise. Other then that it also makes a rising structure in interest rates so then a bullish tendency rules makes stock exchanges. For example when a construction company starts to make more profit and inverse more the will improve their business and may need more employees. So then it makes the company offer more employment and it also makes the company get high level of investment. 2.1.4 Recession Recession is the sharp slow down in the economic activity, but slight different from depression which is more severe and also pronged downturn. Aggregate demand is low then aggregate supply. As the depression created the conditions of recovery, it is similarly and the boom conditions generate their own checks. All the idle factors have been employed and also further demand must raise their prices, but the quality is also inferior. In this phase there should be less efficient workers which have been taken for higher wages. The interest rates will rises and also other materials. Finally the costs have started to upward swing. 3.0 Conclusion Macroeconomics is mainly associate to the balance between Aggregate Demand and Aggregate supply in the whole economy/country. If the aggregate Demand becomes higher than Aggregate Supply the excess demand will be cause inflation. If the aggregate Demand becomes lower than aggregate supply, then the insufficient demand will cause recession and unemployment. (796 WORDS)