The Morality of the U.S. Bombing Hiroshima - 1348 Words

The Morality of the U.S. Bombing Hiroshima On August 6 and 9, 1945, the only atomic bombs ever used in warfare were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The mass destruction and numerous deaths caused by those bombs ultimately put an end to World War II. Was this the only way to end the war, however? Could this killing of innocent Japanese citizens had been avoided and the war still ended quickly. This paper will go into this controversial topic. First, a summary of the events leading up to the bombing and the events that followed: With the end of the European war, the Allies focused their efforts on Japan. Though they were losing miserably, the Japanese continued to fight†¦show more content†¦The report was done by Col. Stafford Warren, Chief of the Manhattan Projects Medical Section. It showed that the potential for radioactive fallout from the test was an important concern. Fallout from the test exposed a family living 20 miles from Ground Zero to dangerous 4 levels of radiation. The radiation monitors were so concerned they asked permission to talk to the family to see how they feel (Schull 70). Dead jackrabbits were found more than 800 yards from zero. A farm house three miles away had doors torn loose and suffered other extensive damage. The light intensity was sufficient at nine miles to have caused temporary blindness. Several observers at 20 miles were bothered by a large blind spot for 15 minutes after the blast. It was determined that exposure to this light from 5 miles away would cause severe damage to the eyes. Thus causing damage sufficient to put the enemy out of action for several days if not permanently. This is if they survived, of course (Schull 77.) The next day Leo Szilard and 69 co-signers at the Manhattan Project Metallurgical Laboratory petitioned President Truman to not use the atomic bomb on Japan. This version of the petition is updated from the first one and comes at an appropriate time following the test on the dayShow MoreRelatedThe Destruction Of The War Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesOn August 6th 1945, a U.S aircraft titled ‘Enola Gay’ flew over Hiroshima to drop the most infamous atomic bomb in history. This bomb instantly vaporized everyone within a 1KM radius of the drop point, leaving the rest to die slowly from lethal burns or poisoning. Then three days later, another devastating bomb was dropped on the city of Nagasaki. While there were no American deaths as a result, 200,000 Japanese citizens, mostly children, elders and women perished as a result of these attacks.Read MoreThe Cold War By Kenneth Rose s One Nation Underground1320 Words   |  6 Pagesnuclear bombings. The Cold War, in conjunction with the inventions of (total destructive) bombs, generated new dangers, fears, and morality issues among Americans, which led to further increased fears. At the beginning of the Cold War, many people considered it unimaginable that the Soviet Union could possess an Atomic bomb. However, in 1949 America found out that the impossible was, in fact, not so unimaginable. To end World War II, Truman called for the use of atomic bombings of Hiroshima and NagasakiRead MoreThe Utilisation Of Nuclear Weapons On The Japanese Cities Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1580 Words   |  7 PagesThe utilisation of nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki is a hotly debated topic amongst historians. With the consent of the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA) as outlined in the Quebec agreement, the United States of America dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, during the final stage of World War II. These two bombings, which killed at least 129,000 men, women and children are considered a triumphRead MoreThe Justifications Of The Atomic Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1616 Words   |  7 PagesThe justifications of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki have been continuously debated since the time of occurrence. The variety of approaches towards the topic often times lead to ambiguous conclusions that leave debaters dumbfounded. Primarily, there are two moral reasonings that analysts of the event utilize: the utilitarian approach and ethical tradition. The utilitarian approach determines the goodness or evil of an action by its consequences (Holt). It has been said that this approachRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Is It Really Justified?1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe Atomic Bomb, was it really justified? On August 6, 1945, after forty-four months of increasingly brutal fighting in the Pacific, an American B-29 bomber loaded with a devastating new weapon flew in the sky over Hiroshima, Japan waiting for a signal. Minutes later the signal was given, that new weapon, the atomic bomb, was released. Its enormous destructive energy detonated in the sky, killing one hundred thousand Japanese civilians instantly. Three days later, on August 9, 1945, the UnitedRead MoreThe Atomic Bombs in Japan1373 Words   |  6 Pageson the Japanese city of Hiroshima without any precedent. The explosion viciously destroyed four square miles of the city and killed 90,000 and injured 40,000. (Weber, â€Å"Was Hiroshima Necessary?†) Three days later, a second atomic bomb stroked the city of Nagasaki which killed approximately 37,000 people and injured 43,000 (Weber, â€Å"Was Hiroshima Necessary?†). These actions of the United States still remain controversial today and the United Statesâ₠¬â„¢ abuse of power and morality can be questioned. ‘WereRead MoreIn 1945 Germany Surrendered, Leaving Only The Japanese1430 Words   |  6 Pagesbomb on Hiroshima, and three days later, on August 9th, they dropped the second atomic bomb on Nagasaki. The world was in shock. No one had ever seen a weapon with this destructive force, and its use was not called into question until a year later when the public received the first accounts of the damage the bomb had caused. Since then, there has been an ongoing debate as to the necessity and morality of the use of such a destructive weapon. The droppings of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and NagasakiRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Essays1209 Words   |  5 Pages6th, 1945, 70,0000 lives were ended in a matter of seconds. The United States had dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima. Today many argue whether or not the U.S. should have taken such a drastic measure. Was it entirely necessary that we drop such a devastating weapon ? To answer that first we must look at was going on in the world at the time of the conflict. The U.S. had been fighting a massive war since 1941. Moral was most likely low, and resources were at the same level as moral. StillRead MoreHiroshima and Nagasaki: A Justified End to an Endless War700 Words   |  3 PagesHiroshima and Nagasaki: A Justified End to an Endless War On December 7th, 1941 the United States was attacked at Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan. This unprovoked assault on our nation’s soil forced Congress to take action with a formal declaration of war on Japan. With the country’s entry into World War II, a secret venture was implemented by the government. The clandestine project would employ some of the greatest scientific minds in history, including renowned physicists Robert OppenheimerRead MoreEffects Of The Atomic Bomb On Hiroshima Japan1038 Words   |  5 PagesSawyere Lamontagne December 2nd, 2015 Prof. Richmond Engwr 300 Girls of Atomic City August 6th, 1945 a bomb was dropped on Hiroshima Japan, forever changing the game of war and the lives of all two and a third billion(Alpha Wolfram). The atomic bomb was a new invention in like the world has never seen. This bomb nicknamed Little Boy alone killed or injured over a hundred and fifty thousand people. This followed by another bomb, Fat Man, being dropped on nagasaki, killed or injured another

The Impact of Rural Banking on Development Free Essays

THE CIVIL AND THE PUBLIC SERVICE DIFFERENCIES A public Servant is someone who does something that is in the best interest of the people. It can fit many different roles but is often used by politicians to describe them. A Civil Servant is someone whose job is to do government work, usually a bureaucratic. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Rural Banking on Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now A civil servant or public servant is a civilian career public sector employee working for a government department or agency. The term explicitly excludes the armed services, although civilian officials will work at â€Å"Defence Ministry† headquarters. The term always includes the (sovereign) state’s employees whether regional, or sub-state, or even municipal employees are called â€Å"civil servants† varies from country to country. In the United Kingdom, for instance, only Crown employees are civil servants, county or city employees are not. Many consider the study of civil service to be a part of the field of public administration. Workers in â€Å"non-departmental public bodies† (sometimes called â€Å"Quangos†) may also be classed as civil servants for the purpose of statistics and possibly for their terms and conditions. Collectively a state’s civil servants form its Civil Service’ or Public Service. Two concepts of public servants and civil servants are very confusing in any study of public administration as both are very similar to each other. Not understanding the two concepts clearly is the reason why some students make the mistake of treating them as interchangeable, which is wrong as despite similarities, there are vital differences that need to be highlighted. One thing common to both a civil servant and a public servant is the fact that they are both officials in government departments, and though they are termed servants, they are actually bred and brought up to feel superior to common people. Both have an umbrella of security in the sense that their jobs are guaranteed, even if they are average or poor performers, and this sense of security makes them arrogant in their behavior towards common people. Technically speaking, a civil servant is as much a public servant as a bank officer, though the major difference pertains to the level of control each has in his hands. A civil servant is always a part of the administration, and is thus, a rung above other public servants. Even, a nurse working in a government hospital qualifies to be a public servant, though she cannot be compared to a district magistrate (DM) who belongs to the category of civil servants. There are huge differences in not just pay scales and salaries; there are different sets of rules and regulations in hiring and promotion for both civil servants as well as public servants. Civil servants are selected through Union Public Service Commission at the union level, whereas every state has its own Public Service Commission to select civil servants and press into service at state level. Those selected through UPSC can get postings in public departments all over India, and this gets decided at the start with the cadre they get. What is the difference between Civil Servant and Public Servant? †¢ Civil servants are a type of public servants. †¢ Both are labeled as servants, though they are administrators and officers performing various duties. †¢ There is a great difference in rules and regulations governing their hiring and promotion. †¢ Civil servants are a rung above other public servants. How to cite The Impact of Rural Banking on Development, Papers

On Operations Management of Uniqlo-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Profile an Organization of your choice and explain how the Concepts of Operations management apply to them. Answer: Introduction Uniqlo is a clothing brand which originated in Japan in 1949 as a textile manufacturer. It is an international brand with presence in 1000 and above stores in the world. With an aspiring objective of keeping up 5 trillion yen in deals by 2020, Uniqlo will be one of the 21st century's best associations to observe. The company has planned to develop itself as the principal outline retailer in the United States, with new stores opening throughout the country with the quick pace in recent coming years. Uniqlo has its own standing in the market which is recognized as a reliable brand. A continuous awareness of changes in trend, diverse variety and testing of traditions is benchmark achieved by Uniqlo. The focus of the report is on operations management of Uniqlo. 4 V analyses is undertaken to know the various dimensions of a brand. Thereafter 5 key operational objectives are discussed in order to describe its current structure of operational management. Uniqlo key issue like inventory and quality is discussed in detail. In last the recommendation to Uniqlo operations management team is analysed. 4 V's analysis of Uniqlo organization: The Four V's in the business operations of Uniqlo is described as follows: Volume dimension: The volume dimension of Uniqlo operations is the key factor to analyse how their business activities are organized. A good example of Uniqlo brand as they interact with their customers, know the daily promotions, faster transaction facility at the time of registration, clothes must be folded quickly[1]. The essential important thing to be considered in volume dimension is the repetition of the same process due to a similarity in process. Efficient staff and effectiveness in routine procedure add an important mark in volume. Economies of scale are achieved at certain price level and also the experience of doing the thing over and over increases the competitive advantage to the firm. Variety Dimension: Uniqlo offered a variety of items available with the selection of width and variety[2]. The brand made its products according to the demands and requirements of the customer. Uniqlo offers an efficient service with a wide variety and flexibility is which help in increasing the customer base. Recent examples of variety are the availability of 80 colors in polo t shirt available all time in stores of Uniqlo, Uniqlo premium jeans made up of selvage denim (unique cloth imported from the mill of Hiroshima) and many more practices shows their variety in products. Variation Dimension: The variation dimension of Uniqlo identifies styles within the product categories which do not have the tendency of going out of fashion and finding out ways to create levels of differentiation in these styles[3]. If Uniqlo has a high variation in demand than greater flexibility will be required by the company to achieve the required capacity level and fulfilling demands. The target will not only be on improving capacity levels but also changing capacity according to fluctuating demand level without incurring an extensive cost. More variation leads to low volumes in stores, incurring a high unit cost. Visibility Dimension: The visibility dimension refers to the consumer ability to watch, track their experience or request through the operations procedure. A superior visibility measurement helps Uniqlo to find out the bundle of customers or retail location where the customer's purchases product over the counter[4]. Uniqlo has made it convenient for all the clients through full-scale execution of web based sales. Operational performance objective Quality: Quality of a brand is more important than a specification. This objective defines how well a product in market performs according to its specification. The appealing features of a product, its reliability, durability and so on is also considered important while evaluating quality objective[5].The quality objective emphasis on the product desirability in the market amongst customers. This objective helps the company to standardize the quality of a product which is acceptable to customers. Speed: It defines the rate at which Uniqlo is generating sales and how often a product is delivered. Speed reflects how fast a firm gives responses to its customer requirement. Speed also refers to issues in the time required by Uniqlo to manufacture a product and develop a new product. Shifting by Uniqlo to digital marketing enables the company to speed up business cycle, and reduce production issues. This enables Uniqlo to deliver exact product desired by the customer and in expected delivery time. Speed is important internally as well in reducing inventory and risks. In addition, the speed with which item can be made and delivered to business sectors is directly connected with the speed with which items can produce money flow Dependability: It is a quality aspect describing reliability, certainty feeling, consistency related to products and production process. Dependability also leads to developing goodwill of a company. It adds important value in Uniqlo and has a direct effect on cash flow and profitability as well[6]. Dependability has two effects- internal and external. Internal has effects cost factor of Uniqlo and external effect is related to customer satisfaction with the brand. Dependability is easily measurable, unlike quality. It increases delivery speed of a company like Uniqlo Flexibility: Volume, variety, process and service/product are four dimensions in flexibility operation management. It is very crucial objective affecting various dimensions of business. Flexibility speeds up response time to customer and production department. It also saves the time of Uniqlo by helping in speeding in response time[7]. Uniqlo provides flexibility in the product by making available new and modified product each time. . Flexibility is also the ability to produce various products and services altogether without incurring a huge additional cost. Cost: It is one of the major operation objectives especially for companies where competition is cut throat. The above objective is achieved by cost advantage in the production process by cutting the operation cost of the product in order to keep competitive price while receiving the return on investment as well. If cost is managed properly then high quality, dependability, flexibility, and speed can not only bring external reward but also improve operation cost. Key issues in operations management: Quality management: Various customers will have distinctive demands, so a working meaning of quality is a customer choice. While considering quality layout, production and company itself must be given importance. In combinations of all measures, it starts with an evaluation of what the customers require, then making an elucidation of this information into distinguishing conclusions in which products of organizations should adjust[8]. Some of the outputs may be lower quality, loss in business, commitment, decreased benefit and increased costs. Regardless, extraordinary quality has particular expenses, like neutralizing activity, evaluation, and disillusionment. The most effective way to deal with issues related to defects is to settle them in one time when they arise. This will surely decrease the cost of good quality as time moves. Inability to meet quality issue is harming Uniqlo image, reputation or leads to negative feedback. In the manufacturing field, the nature of crude materia ls or equipment is influencing the entire assembling process[9]. Uniqlo is not removing is defects and loopholes on time, due to this incurring other potential expenses. The quality issue is incurring some as Uniqlo outsources its generation to accomplice production lines, quality control is difficult and a critical factor. Quality provided by Uniqlo is good but is not meeting the customers' expectations, as the price is very high. Uniqlo has the corporate social responsibility towards its society which it needs to adhere in order to grow and survive smoothly. As Uniqlo is not maintaining its quality of products it is facing extreme criticism in the market. Customer satisfaction must be a prior goal for Uniqlo to retain its customer market and to attain a competitive advantage over its competitors. Uniqlo business will decrease if the unsatisfied customer will do negative publicity regarding its product and services. Generally, a longer dissatisfied customer switches the brand and w ill not recommend other to use. The other dimensions of the product include performance, special quality, durability, reliability and so on. If in Uniqlo brand clothing defects are found in items sold by the Group, for example, using of dangerous materials or poisons, sub-standard cloth and many more, then it may require worldwide item recalls, or remuneration for mischief to the health of consumers, which may negatively affect income, and also harming customers' trust[10]. Uniqlo, high-quality clothing brand products are available at reasonable price and affordable. Customers' complaint regarding quality of the brand is conveyed to the concerned department and desired the course of action is taken. But the durability of the product according to the customer is as not per the desired requirement. Zara is the main competitor of Uniqlo so to compete in the market quality of clothes should be reconsidered. Inventory management: Nowadays companies have moved to demand driven rather than plant level production. The demand is driven focus increases cost for Uniqlo production process, as trend changes every day and fulfilling all demand at low cost is impossible[11]. Due to change in fashion, the inventory management has become a key issue of concern for operations management team. A failure to deliver an item of operations may harm the image for the brand in customer mind. For Uniqlo inventory management issue is significant as it delivers products worldwide and the slowdown in operation process will lead to decrease popularity amongst people. Change in technology and demand also increases cost as the additional cost will be incurred by Uniqlo to fulfill recent demand. As for delaying delivery Uniqlo either will request manufacturing item at higher cost or delay production which will reduce revenue. Incompetent Labour and Staff: Inventory operations management is a procedure for arranging output operation. Each assignment and activity is needed to be done by the Uniqlo staffs which affect the stock and additionally the transportation lead period and other aspects. In this way, the information what one ought and effect of staff activities on the shop are affected by Uniqlo [12]. The effect of this activity of Uniqlo will have on the framework and physical stock ought to be clear to the agent. It is observed that procurement department operations are continuously evaluated by an auditor. In case of Uniqlo absence of head during these operations lead to the unsatisfied response from the customer. As the staff and employees are insufficient to respond to customer inquiries, Uniqlo is losing its valuable customer to competitors. Inadequate training: When an inventory management is handed over to another party on a contract basis then both customers, principal, and other party starts initial processes and document them in the Standard Operating procedure. When business in future changes existing, SOP adopted becomes out-dated[13]. Then new parties by Uniqlo are searched and are required to learn without giving any SOP training. With this procedure they generally have less knowledge than require, so more prone to issue in inventory management. Measures for improvement in operating performance: Business Process Reengineering: It involves basic redesigning of main business processes to attain improvements in productivity and quality of the product. For BPR implementation uniqlo should enhance its quality. They should adopt a typical value system that gives more importance on customer requirements[14]. Uniqlo for adopting BPR should reduce organization inside layers and redesign structure for wasteful activity. They can reduce their manufacturing cost in order to provide good quality in lesser cost. Their qulity can be enhanced by using high quality raw material and improved technology. Six Sigma approach: Uniqlo for successfully implementing this approach should empower its inventory management to reduce the harm caused due to inventory management. It helps in achieving targets with increase in quality and without increase in cost. Employee's problem-solving skills are enhanced as by they can independently alleviate problems related to inventory. Uniqlo can use six sigma approaches to increase the quality of its products by applying efficient leadership and reducing waste. By this they can reduce the customer complaints by significant amount. Customer main complaints are due to defective quality of product and if Uniqlo improves this it will be beneficial both for organisation and Uniqlo adopting six sigma approach will help in reducing waste, improved inventory management, and higher quality of products. Investing in six sigma approaches proves beneficial both for organization and employees in terms of quality and inventory management. Total quality management: TQM is basically concerned about continuous changes in work, from strategic planning to elaborate execution of target. Uniqlo can adopt this practice to continuously increase output in every part of work as it on regular basis to enhance capacities of machines, individual, inventory, and quality. The five important territories for Uniqlo to improve are ability change request era, supply era, innovation, operations and individual's capacity[15]. Uniqlo can adopt this approach in order to enhance weaken area like defective guidelines for product inventory management and quality. The issues in quality can be increased by improving the quality of raw material required for its product. And inventory issue can be resolved by reducing inventory levels. Uniqlo can control mistakes in inventory management from happening and where mistakes reiterate, stopping generation till the point that the procedure can be remedied, to keep the product out of defects. Lean: Lean is a methodical strategy for squandering minimization inside an assembling framework without sacrificing profitability. Uniqlo can consider reconsideration by reducing overburden and waste in inventory management. Working from the viewpoint of the customer, Uniqlo should consider an item or management, selling is an activity or process that a client pays for. So Uniqlo should adopt Lean to manage quality and control over it. For managing inventory: Lean should be practice to control production. Uniqlo should produce products by removing all the defects in production system like hiring competent staff, providing enough training to handle errors in machinery and many more. Other practices like planned production according to market trend should be practiced in order to reduce waste and resources of Uniqlo. Conclusion From above analysis, it can be concluded that an operation manager should consider various factors while producing a product. They should take a decision regarding production when they researched about demand for a product in a market. Uniqlo should keep in mind the four main operational dimensions: variety, volume, variation, and variety. Uniqlo should evaluate its decision on basis of cost and quality of the product as well. Strategies adopted by the company should be unique and innovative in order to remain competitive in the market. The main objective for Uniqlo should be speed, quality, dependability, flexibility, and cost. Uniqlo also faces operational issue mainly inventory management and quality management. An operational manager of Uniqlo should take some major measures like BPR, TQM, 6 sigma approaches and much more to resolve all the issues concerned. Uniqlo as clothing brand is very famous in Japan so to become more famous importance to operation management should be give n. References Baird, K., K. Jia Hu and R. Reeve, The relationships between organizational culture, total quality management practices and operational performance. International Journal of Operations Production Management, vol. 31, no. 7, 2011, p.789-814. Barratt, M., T.Y. Choi and M. Li,. Qualitative case studies in operations management: Trends, research outcomes, and future research implications. Journal of Operations Management, vol. 29, no 4, 2011, pp.329-342. Caro, F. and J. Gallien,. Inventory management of a fast-fashion retail network: Operations Research, vol 58, no 2, 2010, pp.257-273. ElMaraghy, H., G Schuh, W. ElMaraghy, F Piller, P Schnsleben, M Tseng and A Bernard,. Product variety management. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,vol 62, no 2, 2013, pp.629-652. Gunasekaran, A.,C Patel and R.E McGaughey, A framework for supply chain performance measurement. International journal of production economics, vol 87,no 3, 2004, pp.333-347. Kim, B., Competitive priorities and supply chain strategy in the fashion industry: Qualitative Market Research, An International Journal, vol 16, no 2, 2013, pp.214-242. Kim, D.Y, V. Kumar and U. Kumar,.Relationship between quality management practices and innovation. Journal of operations management, vol 30,no 4, 2012, pp.295-315. Krajewski, L.J.,L.P Ritzman and M.K. Malhotra. Operations management: processes and supply chains, New York, NY: Pearson, vol. 1, 2013, pp 50-100. Luthra, S.,V. Kumar, S. Kumar and A. Haleem. Barriers to implement green supply chain management in automobile industry using interpretive structural modeling technique: An Indian perspective. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, vol 4, no 2, 2013, pp.231-257. Sadikoglu, E. and C. Zehir,. Investigating the effects of innovation and employee performance on the relationship between total quality management practices and firm performance: An empirical study of Turkish firms. International journal of production economics,vol 127, no 1, 2010, pp.13-26. Sodhi, M.S., B.G Son and C.S Tang. Researchers' perspectives on supply chain risk management. Production and operations management, vol 21,no 1, 2012, pp.1-13. Stadtler, H, Supply chain management: An overview. In Supply chain management and advanced planning,. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015, pp. 3-28. Subramanian, N. and R. Ramanathan,. A review of applications of Analytic Hierarchy Process in operations management, International Journal of Production Economics, vol 138, no 2, 2012, pp.215-241. Tang, O. and S.N. Musa,. Identifying risk issues and research advancements in supply chain risk management. International journal of production economics, vol 133, no 1, 2011 pp.25-34. Taticchi, P.,F. Tonelli and L Cagnazzo,. Performance measurement and management: a literature review and a research agenda. Measuring business excellence, vol 14, no 1, 2010, pp.4-18. Trkman, P, The critical success factors of business process management. International journal of information management, vol 30, no 2, 2010, pp.125-134 Sadikoglu, E. and Zehir, C. Investigating the effects of innovation and employee performance on the relationship between total quality management practices and firm performance: An empirical study of Turkish firms. International journal of production economics,vol 127, no 1, 2010, pp.13-26. ElMaraghy, et al, Product variety management. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,vol 62, no 2, 2013, pp.629-652 Stadtler, H, Supply chain management: An overview. In Supply chain management and advanced planning,. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015, pp. 3-28. Kim, D.Y, Kumar, V and Kumar, U,Relationship between quality management practices and innovation. Journal of operations management, vol 30,no 4, 2012, pp.295-315. Gunasekaran, A, Patel, C and McGaughey, R.E, A framework for supply chain performance measurement. International journal of production economics, vol 87,no 3, 2004, pp.333-347. Luthra, S.,V. et al, Barriers to implement green supply chain management in automobile industry using interpretive structural modeling technique: An Indian perspective. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, vol 4, no 2, 2013, pp.231-257. Taticchi, P,Tonelli, F and Cagnazzo, L. Performance measurement and management: a literature review and a research agenda. Measuring business excellence, vol 14, no 1, 2010, pp.4-18. Tang, O. and Musa, S.N. Identifying risk issues and research advancements in supply chain risk management. International journal of production economics, vol 133, no 1, 2011 pp.25-34. Subramanian, N. and. Ramanathan,R. A review of applications of Analytic Hierarchy Process in operations management, International Journal of Production Economics, vol 138, no 2, 2012, pp.215-241. Sodhi, M.S., Son, B.G and Tang, C.S, Researchers' perspectives on supply chain risk management. Production and operations management, vol 21,no 1, 2012, pp.1-13. Caro, F. and Gallien,J.Inventory management of a fast-fashion retail network: Operations Research, vol 58, no 2, 2010, pp.257-273. Krajewski, L.J, Ritzman, L.J and. Malhotra. M.K Operations management: processes and supply chains, New York, NY: Pearson, vol. 1, 2013, pp 50-100. Trkman, P, The critical success factors of business process management. International journal of information management, vol 30, no 2, 2010, pp.125-134. Barratt, M., Choi, T.Y and M. Li,. Qualitative case studies in operations management: Trends, research outcomes, and future research implications. Journal of Operations Management, vol. 29, no 4, 2011, pp.329-342. K. Baird, k. Jia Hu and R. Reeve. The relationships between organizational culture: total quality management practices and operational performance. International Journal of Operations Production Management, vol. 31, no.7, 2011 pp.789-814.